Southeast Asian Countries That Enforce Military Conscription
While military conscription has faded in many parts of the world, several Southeast Asian nations continue to enforce or plan to implement compulsory military service, each with its own rules and timelines. Here's a look at the region's current landscape on conscription:
Vietnam
Vietnam maintains one of the longest-standing conscription systems in the region. Military service is mandatory for men for a fixed period, typically ranging from 18 to 24 months, depending on the military branch. The policy underscores the country’s emphasis on national defense and civic duty.
Thailand
Thailand’s military conscription is unique in that it involves a lottery system. All Thai men at the age of 21 are required to report for conscription selection. Some are exempted, while others are drafted based on a draw of red or black cards. The process has long been a subject of public debate.
Singapore
Singapore enforces one of the most structured conscription systems in Southeast Asia. All male citizens and permanent residents are required to serve two years of National Service upon turning 18. This includes service in the military, police, or civil defense forces, followed by years of reservist duty.
Myanmar
In early 2024, Myanmar activated its long-dormant conscription law amid ongoing internal conflict. The law mandates military service for men aged 18–35 and women aged 18–27. The policy, however, has raised concerns from human rights observers due to the country’s political instability.
Cambodia
Cambodia is preparing to implement mandatory military service by 2026. The planned policy targets citizens aged 18 to 30, marking a significant shift in its defense strategy. The move is said to aim at youth discipline and national preparedness, though details remain limited.
A Regional Trend?
While not all Southeast Asian countries enforce conscription, those that do often cite national security, territorial sovereignty, and youth development as key motivations.
